Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Abepura Kota Jayapura

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Data on cases of Pulmonary TB at the Abepura Health Center in 2021 were 125 cases, in 2022 there were 120 cases increasing to 140 cases in 2023 and from January to June 2024 there were 71 cases. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Abepura Health Center Work Area, Jayapura City. Method: This type of research is an observational analytical study with a case control approach. This research was conducted in the Abepura Health Center Working Area. The sample in this study was divided into samples in the case group, namely pulmonary tuberculosis patients (40 people) and the control group, namely negative BTA patients (40 people), the number of samples was 80 people with a ratio of 1: 1. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data were obtained using questionnaires, measuring instruments for residential density, humidity and temperature. Data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test and looking at the Odd Ratio (OR). Results: The results of this study indicate that most respondents are in the age range of 26-45 years (80.0%), most are male (55.0%) with the highest education being high school graduates (80.0%) and most are unemployed/housewives (47.5%). The results of the chi-square test indicate that residential density (p-value = 0.000; OR = 23.400; 95% CI = 2.907-188.356) is a significant risk factor for the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. While humidity (p-value = 0.201; OR = 5.571 95% CI = 0.620–50.031) and temperature (p-value = 1.000; OR = 1.000 95% CI = 0.134-7.470) are insignificant risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: There is an significant relationship of residential density to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Abepura Health Center Work Area, Jayapura City. 
Keywords: Tuberculosis, overcrowding, humidity, temperature